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PBC is a chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterized by immune mediated destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease predominantly affects middle aged women. The exact mechanisms that cause the onset of the disease are still being researched. Noteworthy is the decline in the female-to-male ratio from 9:1 to 4:1 over the past two decades. Male patients are often diagnosed at a more advanced stage of the disease and have a poorer prognosis. Progressive cholestasis can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure.
HCV is an RNA virus primarily transmitted through blood exposure. Chronic infection is frequently asymptomatic in early stages but can lead to progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma on the long-term. The advent/development/introduction of direct acting antivirals has transformed HCV management, allowing for high cure rates with finite, well tolerated oral treatment regimens.
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